Characteristic analysis of fibracel carriers for animal cell culture / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To investigate the surface properties of different fibracel carriers and their culture effects on different cells.Methods Three fibracel carriers(A,B,C)were selected to analyze the chemical element composition of their materials,and the contact angles of the carriers before and after pretreatment with 0. 1 mol/L NaOH solution were tested. By measuring the adhesion effect and glucose consumption of Vero,MDCK and MRC-5 cells on the carrier,and observing the cell growth state by fluorescent staining,the cell adhesion efficiency and culture effect of the three carriers were compared and analyzed.Results The three carriers were mainly composed of C,H,O,and contained a small amount of N and S elements. Before pretreatment,the contact angle of carrier B was 0°,which was significantly lower than that of A[(109 ± 3. 13)°]and C[(121 ± 6. 82)°]（each F = 709. 1,each P < 0. 000 1）,and the hydrophilicity was stronger. Carriers A and C had poor hydrophilicity. After pretreatment,the contact angles of the surfaces of the three carriers A,B,and C were all 0°,with no significant difference(F = 0. 069 4,P > 0. 05),all of which were hydrophilic. The adherence rates of the three types of carriers within 3 h of cell culture were all above 80%. The cells were dense and evenly grown on the carrier fibers,the glucose consumption curves tended to“S”type,and the continuous cell culture effect was good. The total glucose consumption of carrier A and carrier C was basically the same,and carrier B was lower than carrier A and carrier C.Conclusion The chemical element composition and the relationship between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the three fibracel carriers were analyzed,and the adhesion rate and culture effect of Vero,MDCK and MRC-5 cells were evaluated,which provide reference for the subsequent research and production application of fibracel carriers.

Materiales carbonosos preparados a partir de cuesco de palma en la adsorción de CO2. Caracterización elemental, próxima y morfológica / Carbonaceous materials prepared from Palm shells for the adsorption of CO2. Elemental, proximal, and morphological characterization / Materiais carbonosos preparados a partir de Cuesco de Palma en a adsorção de CO2. Caracterização elementar, proximal e morfológica

Resumen En la presente investigación se prepararon sólidos porosos tipo carbón activado (CA) a partir de la activación química del cuesco de palma africana procedente de los cultivos de la región de la Guajira, Colombia, con soluciones de Fe(NO3)3 y Cu(NO3)2 con cambio en la concentración a dos diferentes temperaturas: 973 y 1073 K. Los sólidos adsorbentes preparados se caracterizaron para determinar sus propiedades fisicoquímicas y capacidades de adsorción de CO2. Los CA obtenidos presentan micro mesoporosidad con áreas superficiales entre 5 y 1300 m2g-1. Los valores con respecto al contenido de carbono fijo se encuentran entre 47,1 y 78,4%; los resultados evidencian que el proceso de activación tiene efectos sobre los parámetros texturales, composición elemental y proximal de los sólidos obtenidos. También se realizó la caracterización morfológica de la superficie de los materiales con SEM evidenciando la formación de mayor rugosidad en las muestras activadas a 1073 K, específicamente, los carbones activados con el nitrato cúprico; además, mediante EDX se cuantificó la presencia de algunos elementos. Los valores obtenidos de la adsorción de CO2 a bajas presiones se encuentran entre 80 y 250 mg•g-1, evidenciándose una mayor afinidad hacia los sólidos adsorbentes (MCu3 y MFe5).

Abstract In the present investigation, porous solids type activated carbon (CA) were prepared from the chemical activation of the African palm shells from the crops of the Guajira region, Colombia, with solutions of Fe(NO3)3 and Cu(NO3)2 with change in concentration at two different temperatures: 973 and 1073 K. The prepared adsorbent solids were characterized to determine their physicochemical properties and CO2 adsorption capacities. The CAs obtained present micro-mesoporosity with surface areas between 5 and 1300 m2g-1. The values with respect to the fixed carbon content are between 47.1% and 78.4%; the results show that the activation process has effects on the textural parameters, elemental and proximal composition of the solids obtained. The morphological characterization of the surface of the materials was also carried out with SEM, evidencing the formation of greater roughness in the samples activated at 1073 K, specifically, the activated carbons with cupric nitrate; furthermore, the presence of some elements was quantified by EDX. The values obtained from the adsorption of CO2 at low pressures are between 80 and 250 mg•g-1, showing a greater affinity towards adsorbent solids (MCu3 and MFe5).

Resumo Na presente investigação, sólidos porosos do tipo carvão ativado (CA) foram preparados a partir da ativação química do Cuesco de Palma Africana de lavouras da região de Guajira-Colômbia com soluções de Fe(NO3)3 e Cu(NO3)2 com alteração em concentração em duas temperaturas diferentes 973 e 1073 K. Os materiais preparados foram caracterizados para avaliar suas propriedades físico-químicas e capacidades de adsorção de CO2. Os (CAs) obtidos apresentam micro-mesoporosidade com áreas superficiais entre 5 e 1300 m g-1. Os valores com relação ao teor de carbono fixo estão entre 47,1 - 78,4%, os resultados mostram que o processo de ativação tem efeitos nos parâmetros texturais, composição elementar e proximal dos sólidos obtidos. A caracterização morfológica da superfície dos materiais também foi realizada com MEV, evidenciando a formação de maior rugosidade nas amostras ativadas a 1073 K, especificamente os carbonos ativados com nitrato cúprico, e a presença de alguns elementos foi quantificada por EDX. Os valores obtidos na adsorção de CO2 em baixas pressões estão entre 80-250 mg•g-1, mostrando uma maior afinidade para sólidos adsorventes (MCu3 e MFe5).

Evaluation of the operational conditions in the production and morphology of Chlorella sp / Avaliação das condições operacionais na produção e morfologia de Chlorella sp

Abstract It was evaluated the effect of operational conditions in the production of Chlorella sp. after its selection from genus Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., Nannochloris sp., Tetraselmis sp. and Dunaliella salina. Microalgae were inoculated in drinking water with addition of NPK fertilizer (N 24%, P 24%, K 18%), at a concentration of 0.5 g/L, agitation of 150 rpm, temperature 25 °C, light intensity of 1680 lumens at a color temperature of 6400K, without pH control for 8 days. The cellular concentrations obtained were 3.72x107 (Chlorella sp.), 1.36x107 (Scenedesmus sp.), 3.55x107 (Tetraselmis sp.), 5.74x107 (Nannochloris sp.) and 3.45x106 (Dunaliella salina), where the microalgae Chlorella sp., shows invasive capacity in drinking water cultivations. Applying the 2n-p fractional factorial design concept for the elemental composition of the microalgae and the cellular morphology, it was obtained 44.33% of C, 7.09% of H, 8.53% of N and 0.84% ​​of S for the Chlorella sp.

Resumo Foi avaliado o efeito das condições operacionais na produção de Chlorella sp. após a seleção do gênero Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., Nannochloris sp., Tetraselmis sp. e Dunaliella salina. Microalgas foram inoculadas em água potável com adição de fertilizante NPK (N 24%, P 24% e K 18%), na concentração de 0,5 g/L, agitação de 150 rpm, temperatura de 25 °C, intensidade luminosa de 1.680 lúmens para uma temperatura de cor de 6.400 K, sem controle de pH por 8 dias. As concentrações celulares obtidas foram de 3,72 x 107 (Chlorella sp.), 1,36 x 107 (Scenedesmus sp.), 3,55 x 107 (Tetraselmis sp.), 5,74 x 107 (Nannochloris sp.) e 3,45 x 106 (Dunaliella salina), em que a microalga Chlorella sp. mostrou capacidade invasiva em cultivos de água potável. Aplicando o conceito de projeto fatorial fracionado 2n-p para a composição elementar da microalga e a morfologia celular, foram obtidos 44,33% de C, 7,09% de H, 8,53% de N e 0,84% de S para a Chlorella sp.

Synthesis and characterization of Abhraka (mica) bhasma by two different methods

Background: Bhasmas are traditional Ayurvedic medicines prepared from minerals and metals by tediousprocess which removes toxic properties of metals and minerals and enhances medicinal properties. Wehave synthesized abhraka bhasma by two traditional methods and were analyzed during each stage ofpreparation.Objective: The present study deals with the synthesis and characterization of abhraka bhasma by twodifferent methods, method-1 is commonly used for treating anemia and tropical sprue and method-2 fortreating chronic cough. Hence attempts have been made to see the physico-chemical differences between these methods by using different analytical techniques.Material and methods: Different steps in preparation of abhraka bhasma includes shodhana (purification),dhanyabhraka, marana (incineration) and amritikarana. The prepared bhasma were analyzed by classicalayurvedic tests and modern analytical techniques like XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, EDX,BET, DLS and TGA/DTA.Results: The morphological characterization revealed that as-prepared abhraka bhasma products werenano crystalline in nature. Elemental analysis confirms presence of various elements along with carbonsuggesting bhasma as herbo-mineral compound. The XRD studies revealed the presence of KMg3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2 in bhasmas.Conclusion: Characterization study revealed presence of various bonds of different functional groups andformation of nano particles. Abhraka bhasma prepared by method-2 has more proportion of nano particles than that prepared by method-1 and hence will be more effective in its use.

Preliminary Investigations on the Health Benefits of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad Seeds

Aims: To evaluate the composition of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad seed as a means of assessing its health and possible therapeutic benefits. Study Design: Test-tube Lab Research. Place and Duration of Study: Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Nigeria, between June 2018 and March 2019. Methodology: Intact dehulled Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad seeds were analyzed for their proximate and elemental content using standard methods and atomic absorption spectroscopy, respectively. The seed oil was extracted with n-hexane via cold maceration and the extracted oil was analyzed for its physiochemical properties. The fatty acid profile was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: The proximate analysis values were determined to be 6.51%, 51.46%, 21.62%, 13.26%, 3.76% and 3.39% for the moisture, crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber, ash and total carbohydrate content respectively. Results of the elemental analysis show the seed contains; 3653.0322 mg/kg Na, 6639.7818 mg/kg K, 2329.0612 mg/kg Ca, 235.6057 mg/kg Fe, 5252.5884 mg/kg Mg, 27.9056 mg/kg Zn and 7.0068 mg/kg Pb. The predominant fatty acid detected with an area percentage of 20.31 was cis-11-octadecenoic acid. Other fatty acids detected include cis-9, cis-12-octadecadienoic acid, cis-9-octadecenoic, hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid and icosanoic acid. Squalene, a biosynthetic precursor of cholesterol, was detected with an area percentage of 8.54. Conclusion: The evaluation of the compositional data provided evidential support for its beneficial health impact particularly in regards to nutritional and cardio-vascular health.

Proximate and Elemental Analysis of Three Medicinal Plants: Cuscuta reflexa, Cassia tora and Cassia fistula

Aim: The current study explores the proximate and elemental contents of three different medicinal plants, namely Cuscuta reflexa (whole plant), Cassia tora (stem) and Cassia fistula (seed pot) that have been grown in Bangladesh. Methodology: Macro (Na, K, Ca, Mg), micro (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cr) and heavy metal (Pb, Cd, As) elements, present in C. reflexa (Whole plant), C. tora (stem), and C. fistula (seed pod) were analyzed quantitatively by flame photometer and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Results: The minerals of the plants were found in substantial amounts (Na: 13763.75-16419.42 ppm, K: 6053.49-25864.92 ppm, Ca: 18912.16-2298.77 ppm, Mg: 1570.25-4602.23 ppm, Fe: 58.99-222.43 ppm, Cu: 3.16-11.61 ppm, Mn: 15.89-54.53 pm, Zn: 0.0367-50.2665 ppm, Ni: 0.9878-4.7186 ppm, Cr: 0.3279-0.8281 ppm, Pb: 0.3590-1.5030 ppm, Cd: 0.0016-0.0068 ppm and As: 0.0148-0.0675 ppm). Conclusion: It is evident that the investigated medicinal plants are enriched in some macro and micro nutrient, such as Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe etc which are important for biological metabolism and human health. On the other hand the heavy metals are present in trace amount which indicate the plants are safe for medicinal uses.

Investigating key influencing factors of low wettability of Indigo Naturalis based on component “knockout method” combined with surface property analysis / 中草药

Objective: To explore the key factors affecting the low wettability of Indigo Naturalis by using “knockout” method combined with surface element analysis, so as to provide scientific basis for regulating and changing the wettability of Indigo Naturalis. Methods: Using N,N-dimethylformamide as solvent, six Indigo Naturalis powders were prepared by ultrasonic extraction for 0-5 times, 30 min for each time, filtration and drying process. The contents of indigo and indirubin in six kinds of Indigo Naturalis were determined by HPLC. The contact angle, surface free energy and its components, particle size, surface morphology, surface element analysis and infrared spectroscopy were determined. The relationship between the content of organic matter and wettability of Indigo Naturalis was discussed by correlation analysis. Results: With the increase of extraction times, the content of indigo decreased from 3.320% to 0.112%, the content of indirubin decreased from 0.120% to 0.006%, the contact angle in pure water decreased from 53.56 degrees to 34.84 degrees, the polar component of surface free energy increased from 24.880 to 38.701 mJ/m2, the non-polar component changed little, and the total surface free energy increased from 46.523 to 62.240 mJ/m2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the particulate matter on the surface of Indigo Naturalis was gradually disappeared, and the surface became smooth; Mapping scanning by energy spectrometer showed that N element was gradually decreased, Ca and Si element were increased slightly; Particle size distribution and infrared spectrum changed little; Correlation analysis showed that the content of indigo, indigo and indirubin was positively correlated with the contact angle, and the higher the content, the worse the wettability. Conclusion: The contact angle, polar component of surface free energy and total surface free energy of Indigo Natural was significantly increased after knockout, and the wettability was increased. Organic substances adhering to the surface of Indigo Naturalis were the key factors leading to its low wettability. To improve the hydrophilicity of Indigo Naturalis by powder surface modification technology, it is necessary to focus on organic substances.

Anticonceptive and Pharmacognostic Studies on the Seed and Diethyl Ether Extract of RICOM-1013-J

Aims: The anticonceptive effect of the diethyl ether extract of Ricinus communis Linn (RICOM 1013-1) was studied in rats alongside pharmacognostic properties, amino acids content and elemental analysis. Study Design and Methodology: 20 adult female albino Wistar rats were randomized into four experimental groups of five rats each. The first, second and third groups received 3, 10 and 20 mg/kg of diethyl ether extract administered subcutaneously (SC) in divided doses over two days, respectively. The fourth group received 0.1 ml of corn oil for two days and served as control. They were then mated with proven fertile males in a ratio of 3:1 and followed for three gestation periods. The first day of mating was termed day 0 of pregnancy. In addition, amino acid and elemental analyses were undertaken as well as a phytochemical screening of the seed of RICOM-1013-J. Results: At doses of 3, 10 and 20 mg/kg, RICOM-1013-J produced dose-dependent inhibition of pregnancy in female albino Wistar rats over three gestation periods. The total ash value obtained was 3.13 ± 0.26%, while the acid-insoluble and water-soluble ash values were 0.30 ± 0.003% and 0.20±0.003%, respectively. The yield to ethanol was much higher than the water-soluble extract. Essential and non-essential amino acids were not detected. K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were present in high concentrations in the following order: defatted undecorticated>undecorticated>decorticated samples. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of steroids and alkaloids whereas, triterpenes, tannins and flavonoids were absent. Conclusion: The pharmacognostic parameters, including elemental values, provide some preliminary data for identification of this species among many varieties reported in the literature.

Synthesis Of Novel Heterocyclic Quinolone Compound For Anti -tubercular Activity

In last few decades, though significant progress has been made in the treatment and control strategies of tubercular infections by introducing new diagnostic and monitoring tools and combination therapy, it still continues to be se-vere problem. The need of study was only because of there are many drugs in market to treat infection but most of the drugs are showing resistance because of the same it is difficult to treat the infection. In this study we chosen quinolone nucleus for study and over it. Thus with the aim of developing novel molecule with improved potency for treating Mycobacterium tuberculosisH37Rv strain infections and with decreased probability of developing drug re-sistance. Methodology:The synthesis of Quinolone derivatives, starting from substituted aniline and ethyl acetoace-tate, by conventional organic reaction and results of investigations of their anti-mycobacterial activity.Results: MICs of the synthesized compounds are compared with existing drugs Cytotoxicity. The substituted quinolones are synthe-sized by taking mixture of7-substituted-2-(3-chloro-2-oxopropyl) quinolin-4(1H)-one and different secondary amines. Many compounds have shown promising activity while some were inactive. Conclusion:It was found that Compound A1,A3,B1,B3,have shown promising anti tubercular activity whereas compound A2, A4,B2,B4were showing moderate anti tubercular activity against std. Streptomycin.

Determination of Some Minerals and Trace Elements in Medicinal Plants - Acalypha indica (L.), Datura metel (L.) and Tylophora indica Used in the Treatment of Ashtma

In the current era, medicinal plants are the major resources of indigenous medicines in the traditional medicine system and are playing an important role. Over 80% of the world population mainly depend only on traditional/folk medicinal plants for plant-based medicines to control many of the diseases and their extracts for health care. In the present study, the medicinal plants commonly used by the local people and traditional practitioners of Kappathgudda area, Gadag District, North Karnataka region for treatment of Asthma viz. Acalypha indica L., Datura metel L. and Tylophora indica belongs to Euphorbiaceous, Solanaceae and Asclepiadaceae families were selected for elemental analysis due to its wider application in the traditional medicinal system. Analytical Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer technique was adopted for the determination of various elements and indicated that Fe, Ca, K, Mg, Ti, Mn, V, Zn, Cu and Cd were present in all samples. The obtained results also revealed that the mineral and trace elemental contents were well within the permissible range and hence the medicinal plants are safe to be utilized in the drug formulations.

Geographical origin discriminant of Polygoni Multiflori Radix based on stable isotope ratios and elemental analysis / 中国中药杂志

The seventy samples of Polygoni Multiflori Radix were collected from three producing areas: Bozhou, Anhui province, Jingmen, Hubei province and Xichang, Sichuan province. Three stable isotope ratios and contents of 44 elements in the Polygoni Multiflori Radix samples were determined by EA-IR-MS and HR-ICP-MS. Three data mining methods，including partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), fisher linear discriminant analysis (FLDA) and decision tree CHAID were employed to establish a model for geographical origin discrimination．The study results showed that the stable isotope ratios expressed significant difference followed with the different producing areas, and will be used to discern the samples from different producing areas, effectively. Combined with the data of elemental analysis, the accuracy rates of model can be further improved. All the three methods showed the accuracy rates of external sample were over 90% using training dataset. These results confirmed that stable isotope ratios and multi-elemental analysis combined with chemometric method was effectiv in geographical tracing of Polygoni Multiflori Radix．The analysis method has great potential and prospect in geographical origin discriminant of Chinese medicinal materials, and provids a new study method to identify origin information of Chinese medicinal materials.

Evaluation of the operational conditions in the production and morphology of Chlorella sp

Abstract It was evaluated the effect of operational conditions in the production of Chlorella sp. after its selection from genus Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., Nannochloris sp., Tetraselmis sp. and Dunaliella salina. Microalgae were inoculated in drinking water with addition of NPK fertilizer (N 24%, P 24%, K 18%), at a concentration of 0.5 g/L, agitation of 150 rpm, temperature 25 °C, light intensity of 1680 lumens at a color temperature of 6400K, without pH control for 8 days. The cellular concentrations obtained were 3.72x107 (Chlorella sp.), 1.36x107 (Scenedesmus sp.), 3.55x107 (Tetraselmis sp.), 5.74x107 (Nannochloris sp.) and 3.45x106 (Dunaliella salina), where the microalgae Chlorella sp., shows invasive capacity in drinking water cultivations. Applying the 2n-p fractional factorial design concept for the elemental composition of the microalgae and the cellular morphology, it was obtained 44.33% of C, 7.09% of H, 8.53% of N and 0.84% of S for the Chlorella sp.

Resumo Foi avaliado o efeito das condições operacionais na produção de Chlorella sp. após a seleção do gênero Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., Nannochloris sp., Tetraselmis sp. e Dunaliella salina. Microalgas foram inoculadas em água potável com adição de fertilizante NPK (N 24%, P 24% e K 18%), na concentração de 0,5 g/L, agitação de 150 rpm, temperatura de 25 °C, intensidade luminosa de 1.680 lúmens para uma temperatura de cor de 6.400 K, sem controle de pH por 8 dias. As concentrações celulares obtidas foram de 3,72 x 107 (Chlorella sp.), 1,36 x 107 (Scenedesmus sp.), 3,55 x 107 (Tetraselmis sp.), 5,74 x 107 (Nannochloris sp.) e 3,45 x 106 (Dunaliella salina), em que a microalga Chlorella sp. mostrou capacidade invasiva em cultivos de água potável. Aplicando o conceito de projeto fatorial fracionado 2n-p para a composição elementar da microalga e a morfologia celular, foram obtidos 44,33% de C, 7,09% de H, 8,53% de N e 0,84% de S para a Chlorella sp.

Finite elemental analysis of the influence of mandibular plane angle on the stress distribution of implant tooth / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Finite elemental analysis of the mechanical characteristics of a first mandibular implant molar under different mandibular plane angles determines the load conditions on the implant, thereby providing guidance for clinical application.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CT data of three mandibular plane angles (low, average, high) were collected. A finite elemental combination model of a dental implant was constructed. The orthogonal experimental research was designed. Results followed data collection and analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The optimal combination was a low angle, 4.8 mm, and type Ⅱ bone. The relations among diameter of the implant, angle of mandibular bone, and bone density were determined.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Mandibular plane angle influences the stability of a dental implant. Under constant biting force, dental implants bear the stress proportional to the angle, high angles cause high stress, average angles cause average stress, and low angles cause the least stress.</p>

Study on Rapid Elemental Analysis of Tibetan Medicine “GTso Thal” by LIBS Technique / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied to perform qualitative research on Tibetan medicine “GTso Thal” in order to establish a rapid element analysis method . The Nd: YAG laser with the funda-mental frequency at 1064 nm was used. A high-power laser beam was focused on the surface of the sample. The spectrometer and CCD was used to detect its spectrum signals. Based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database, emission spectrum characteristics were differentiated. The LIBS spectra of “GTso Thal”showed multi-elements including Hg, Ca, Na, As, Fe, Mg, Al, K, Li, Pb, Ag, Au and S. Among them, Hg, Pb, Ag and Au were heavy mental elements. The results demonstrated that LIBS was a viable technique for analysis of Ti-betan medicine “GTso Thal”. LIBS provided reliable elemental analysis on Tibetan medicine “GTso Thal”. The de-tection was real-time, rapid and in situ. It had prospects in the elemental analysis of ethnic medicine study. LIBS had broad application prospects.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 4-bromo-3, 5-diaryl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazoline derivatives as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.

A number of substituted 1, 3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one were prepared by Claisen-Schmidt condensation of p-substituted acetophenone with o,m,psubstituted aryl aldehydes which undergoes bromination and subsequent cyclization with phenyl hydrazine to yield 4-bromo-3(substituted phenyl)-5(substituted phenyl)-1-phenyl-2-pyrazoline (3a-l). The structures of compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, 1HNMR and mass spectral data. The synthesized compounds (3a-l) were screened for anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The free radical scavenging properties were screened by using ascorbic acid as standard antioxidant. Free radical scavenging activity was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. The antioxidant activity of compound 3b was found to be the strongest. The IC50 values of the synthesized compounds ranged between 8.87 and 81.07 (μg mL-1). The anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by using diclofenac sodium as a standard dug. All the compounds (20mg/kg po) possess significant anti-inflammatory activity, as reflected by their ability to provide protection (66-99%) against carragenan induced edema in rat paw. The anti-inflammatory activity of compound 3g was found to be the highest. The safety of substituted bromo-pyrazolines is reflected by toxicity studies.

Determination Method of Sulfur Fumigated Traditional Chinese Medicines / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Sulfur fumigation was a traditional maintenance method for traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). However , as people have paid more and more attentions on the sulfur dioxide residue in the sulfur fumigated TCMs , China has gradually decreased and banned the sulfur fumigation for TCMs . This study adopted organic elemental analysis for the determination of sulfur contents in multiple TCMs . Elemental analysis can give accu-rate results with little sample amount in a short time . Data analysis indicated that the sulfur content of 0.5% can be set as a criterion for the identification of sulfur fumigated TCMs. Sulfur content of ten unknown TCMs were determined by elemental analysis and identified whether the TCMs have been fumigated by sulfur. The devel-oped elemental analysis method can be used as a screening method for rapid identification of TCMs' quality.

Elemental analysis of some ethnomedicinaly important hydrophytes and marsh plants of India used in traditional medicine

Objective: To study the elemental content of some ethnomedicinaly important hydrophytes and marsh plant of Tripura, India. Methods: With the help of standardize d questionnaires, 10 informants were interviewed on the medicinal use of hydrophytes and marsh plants of Tripura, India during 2009-2010.The elemental content of those plants were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results: A total of 8 plant species belonging to 8 different genera and 8 family were reported with their ethnomedicinaly uses. Among the different plant part used leaves and young tender shoots are most frequently used for the treatment of different disease. The hydrophytes and marsh plants are mostly used for the treatment of dysentery and other hepatic disorder. Different elemental constituents at trace levels of plants play an effective role in the medicines prepared. Elemental composition of eight ethno-medicinally important hydrophytes and marsh plants of Tripura, India have been determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). A total of 11 elements K+, Mg+2, Ca+2, Na+ , Fe+2, Mn+2, Cu+3, Mn+2, Cu+3, Cr+3, Zn+2, Pb+4 and Cd+2 have been measured. Their concentrations were found to vary in different samples. Toxic elements Cd and Pb were also found but at very low concentration. Medicinal properties of these plant samples and their elemental distribution have been correlated. These results can be used to set new standards for prescribing the dosage of the herbal drugs prepared from these plant materials in herbal remedies and in pharmaceutical companies. Conclusions: The data obtained in the present work will be useful in synthesis of new herbal drugs with various combinations of plants, which can be used in the treatment of different diseases at global level.

Elemental analysis of the fluoride varnish effects on root caries initiation / 대한치과보존학회지

OBJECTIVES: The usage of fluoride varnish for a moderate to low caries-risk group has not been well validated. This study aimed to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic efficacies of fluoride varnish on the initiated root caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten premolars were sectioned into quarters, further divided into two windows, one of which was painted with Fluor Protector (1,000 ppm fluoride, Ivoclar Vivadent). An initial lesion with a well-preserved surface layer was produced by pH cycling. Scanned line analysis using energy dispersive spectrometry determined the weight percentages of Ca and P in the demineralized layer. Scanning Electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) evaluated the varnish-applied root surfaces. RESULTS: The mean lesion depth (SD) was 12.3 (2.6) microm (single cycling) and 19.6 (3.8) microm (double cycling). Double cycling extended the lesion depth, but induced no more mineral loss than single cycling (p < 0.05). The mean weight percentages of Ca and P between groups with and without varnish were not significantly different (p < 0.05). A CLSM showed varnish remained within 15 microm of the surface layer. CONCLUSIONS: When a mild acid challenge initiated root tissue demineralization, the application of low-concentration fluoride varnish did not influence the lesion depth or the mineral composition of the subsurface lesion.

The Finite Element Modeling and Mechanical Analysis of "V"-type Atlantoaxial Reduction and Internal Fixation / 医学研究杂志

Objective To establish a three-dimensional finite element model and make mechanical analysis of "V"-type atlantoaxial reduction and internal fixation. Methods According to "V"-type atlantoaxial and internal fixation,based on screw-type Ⅱ design parameters,and using Pro/E 2001 and MSC.Patran 2005 software,we set up a finite element model and calculated the region containing the node scope of the force as the sites binding and 100N mechanics adding. Results The model looked realistic,geometric similarity.The deformation stress field mainly concentrated in the reset device V-tip arm bending and stability.The strength of its maximum stress was 4.78MPa,and the scope had 2794 nodes.V-type wing of the acute angle point of convergence of the premises to bear the stress intensity followed.It was 0.31MPa,and the scope had 1953 nodes.V-type wing by the end of edge was the smallest for the 1.22?10-3MPa,and there was the scope of 1730 nodes. Ⅱ-shaped fixed nail stress concentrated at the central parts of tooth and the art on both sides of teeth,with maximum stress intensity of 1.68?10-2MPa,and there was the scope of 1146 nodes. Conclusion The reduction and fixation devices to load at the time of recovery deformation forces and mechanical characteristics adapted to Ni-Ti shape memory alloy material functions and super-elasticity completely,which meets the clinical needs.